ABSTRACT
Background: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) of the appendix have bland cytological features and well-differentiated morphology. Despite this, they may cause a pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) disease characterized by mucinous deposits in the peritoneal cavity and may exhibit malignant behavior. Aims and Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the clinical course and histopathological findings of LAMN. The rate of progression to PMP, factors affecting its development, and the clinical course of cases with PMP were investigated. Materials and Methods: Twelve thousand and forty-seven cases who underwent appendectomy were reviewed, and 71 mucinous lesions cases whose slides are in our archive were included in the study. Histopathological findings were re-evaluated. Morphological findings that guide the differential diagnosis, the clinical course of the patients, and factors affecting PMP development were determined. Results: The cases were divided into group 1 non-neoplastic (9.9%), group 2 benign (18.3%), group 3 LAMN (60.6), and group 4 malignant neoplasms (11.3%). Age, gender, appendix diameter, gross appearance, epithelial characteristics, and presence of microcalcification were significantly different between the patient groups. The presence of mucin in the ileocecal region was found to be significant in the development of PMP. It was observed that the additional procedure performed after the appendectomy did not prevent a recurrence. Conclusion: LAMNs are lesions with characteristic findings and different behaviors. The only method to distinguish from the lesions included in the differential diagnosis is to interpret the histopathological findings correctly. Additional operations after appendectomy do not contribute to preventing recurrence.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The present study aims to identify basaloid and luminal molecular groups and the p53-like sub-group, which is a sub-group of the luminal group, using a specific immunohistochemical panel and investigate human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/Neu and Fascin expression in these groups to analyze their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis in a cohort of cases with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma (MIBC). Material and Methods: An immunohistochemical panel that included GATA-3, CK20, CD44, and CK5/6 was used to identify molecular sub-groups based on expression in 44 cases of MIBC. HER2/Neu and Fascin expression in basal, luminal, and p53-like groups and the relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis were investigated. Results: The distribution of the molecular sub-groups determined by immunohistochemistry was as follows: 23 luminal cases (52.3%), 16 basal cases (36.4%), and 5 (11.4%) p53-like cases. There was a statistically significant difference in tumor size across the groups, with the greatest size in the p53-like group (p = 0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed in HER2/Neu expression between the molecular sub-groups (p = 0.017). Comparison of survival and HER2/Neu scores revealed shorter survival in patients with an HER2/Neu score of 3 + compared to those with scores of 0, 1+, and 2+ (p = 0.109). Fascin immunoreactivity was more common in the p53-like and basal groups compared to the luminal group (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Despite the limited number of cases in the MIBC group, our results support that HER2/Neu expression in the luminal sub-group and Fascin expression in basal and p53-like groups may be used as a negative prognostic marker. Multi-center studies that include large case series are warranted in this field.
ABSTRACT
Endosomatic electrodermal activity (skin potential level and skin potential response) as an indirect indicator of sympathetic nervous system activity was measured in 35 sedentary male students and 22 trained athletes of two groups during resting and after an acute exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of skin potential parameters between sedentaries and trained athletes before and after the acute exercise in bicycle ergometer. In sedentaries' group while skin potential level (SPL) and latency showed no significant variations, skin potential response (SPR) decreased significantly after the exercise (P < 0.001). In athletes' group SPL increased (P < 0.01) and SPR decreased (P < 0.05) after the exercise but latency had no significant difference. In addition, athletes had significantly higher SPL and lower SPR values before and after the exercise comparing with the sedentaries. The increase of SPL in athletes' group was thought to depend on sweat duct pores which have been more active and open than sedentaries. Also the decrease in SPR in athletes' group was thought to depend on the lower sweating threshold in athletes.